Step 1: get the reports and mark what is wrong
Use AnnualCreditReport.com, the free source the FTC directs consumers to; the bureaus let you check each report weekly at no cost. The FTC warns that other sites pretend to be associated with it, and that neither it nor the bureaus will email you asking for your Social Security number. [3]
Compare the three reports line by line. Common items to check include identifying information, accounts you do not recognize, payments shown as late that were on time, balances and limits, and the same debt listed twice. Write down the account number and the exact wrong entry for each item. If an account was opened by someone else, treat it as possible identity theft and report it at IdentityTheft.gov, which the CFPB points to for that situation. [1]
Step 2: dispute with the bureau
The CFPB recommends a written dispute that explains what is wrong and why, with copies, not originals, of supporting documents. [1] Each bureau also offers online and phone dispute options; whichever you use, keep a dated record. A mailed letter sent by certified mail with a return receipt gives you proof of delivery. [1]
- Your full name, address and contact information.
- The report confirmation number, if the report has one.
- Each item you dispute, with the account number, what is wrong and why.
- A request that each item be corrected or removed.
- A copy of the report section with the disputed items marked, plus copies of your evidence.
Step 3: dispute with the company that reported it
Send a written dispute to the furnisher, the lender, card issuer or collector that supplied the data, at the address on your report or the address it designates for disputes. The CFPB says furnishers generally must investigate and respond within 30 days of receiving the dispute, and if the information is wrong or cannot be verified they must correct or delete it and notify all the bureaus they reported it to. [1]
What the deadlines and outcomes look like
These steps come from the CFPB and FTC pages read on 2026-10-13. Track each dispute in the downloadable log so the 30-day windows are visible.
| Stage | What the rule or guidance says | Your record |
|---|---|---|
| Bureau investigation | The FTC says the bureau has 30 days to investigate and must forward your evidence to the furnisher [2] | Date sent, method, tracking number |
| Frivolous decision | The bureau must tell you why; the CFPB says within five business days of deciding [1] | Notice date and what was missing |
| Result | Results must be sent in writing; if the report changes, the FTC says you get a free copy that does not count toward your free reports [2] | Outcome per item |
| Correction notices | On request, the bureau must notify anyone who received your report in the past six months, or employers in the past two years [2] | List of recipients requested |
| Furnisher response | Generally within 30 days of receiving your dispute [1] | Date received and response |
Pitfalls that slow a dispute down
- Sending originals: the CFPB recommends sending copies of documents and keeping the originals. [1]
- Disputing without specifics: if a bureau decides a dispute is frivolous, it must tell you why, which costs time; naming each item and the reason up front avoids a second round. [1][2]
- Disputing accurate information: the process exists to correct errors; if an item is verified and you still disagree, the remaining option is a statement of dispute in your file. [1][2]
- Checking only one bureau: furnishers may report to some bureaus and not others, so compare all three reports.
- Not confirming the result: the FTC advises checking your reports afterwards to make sure the change or dispute note was actually made. [2]
Step 4: if the item stays
If the furnisher says the information is accurate, you can ask the bureaus to include a statement of your dispute in your file and future reports. [1][2] You can also submit a complaint to the CFPB. [1] Afterwards, pull the reports again to confirm the correction or the dispute note actually appears.
If you find no errors, keep your current routine: no dispute is needed, and checking again before a large application is enough. This guide is US consumer education, not legal advice; complex cases such as identity theft involving court records may need a lawyer or legal aid.
Questions before you decide
Should I dispute with the bureau or the lender?
The CFPB suggests disputing with both. The bureau must forward your dispute to the company that furnished the information, and you can also dispute directly with that company, which generally must investigate and respond within 30 days.
How often can I check my credit reports for free?
The FTC says the three nationwide bureaus permanently extended a program that lets you check your report from each one once a week for free at AnnualCreditReport.com.
What if the bureau calls my dispute frivolous?
The bureau must notify you and explain why. The CFPB says that notice must come within five business days of the decision. Add any missing details or documents and dispute again.
Follow the sources
- CFPB: How do I dispute an error on my credit report? Checked Oct 13, 2026
- FTC: Disputing errors on your credit reports Checked Oct 13, 2026
- FTC: Free credit reports Checked Oct 13, 2026
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